SQL Cheat Sheet

Complete SQL reference: SELECT, JOINs, aggregation, subqueries, and functions.

Cari

Data Querying (SELECT)

SELECT * FROM table;Select all columns

SELECT col1, col2 FROM table;Select specific columns

SELECT DISTINCT col FROM table;Select unique values

SELECT * FROM t WHERE col = val;Filter rows with WHERE

SELECT * FROM t WHERE col LIKE '%pat%';Pattern matching with LIKE

SELECT * FROM t WHERE col IN (1, 2, 3);Filter by list of values

SELECT * FROM t WHERE col BETWEEN 10 AND 20;Filter by range

SELECT * FROM t WHERE col IS NULL;Filter NULL values

SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY col ASC;Sort results ascending

SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY col DESC;Sort results descending

SELECT * FROM t LIMIT 10;Limit number of rows returned

SELECT * FROM t LIMIT 10 OFFSET 20;Pagination — skip 20, return 10

Aggregation

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table;Count all rows

SELECT COUNT(col) FROM table;Count non-NULL values

SELECT SUM(col) FROM table;Sum of column values

SELECT AVG(col) FROM table;Average of column values

SELECT MIN(col), MAX(col) FROM table;Minimum and maximum

SELECT col, COUNT(*) FROM t GROUP BY col;Group and count

SELECT col, COUNT(*) FROM t GROUP BY col HAVING COUNT(*) > 5;Filter groups with HAVING

JOINs

SELECT * FROM a INNER JOIN b ON a.id = b.a_id;Inner join — matching rows only

SELECT * FROM a LEFT JOIN b ON a.id = b.a_id;Left join — all rows from a

SELECT * FROM a RIGHT JOIN b ON a.id = b.a_id;Right join — all rows from b

SELECT * FROM a FULL OUTER JOIN b ON a.id = b.a_id;Full outer join — all rows

SELECT * FROM a CROSS JOIN b;Cartesian product of both tables

Data Manipulation

INSERT INTO t (c1, c2) VALUES (v1, v2);Insert a row

INSERT INTO t (c1, c2) VALUES (v1, v2), (v3, v4);Insert multiple rows

UPDATE t SET col = val WHERE id = 1;Update specific rows

DELETE FROM t WHERE id = 1;Delete specific rows

DELETE FROM t;Delete all rows (keep table)

TRUNCATE TABLE t;Delete all rows fast (DDL)

Table & Schema

CREATE TABLE t (id INT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(100));Create a table

DROP TABLE t;Delete a table

ALTER TABLE t ADD col INT;Add a column

ALTER TABLE t DROP COLUMN col;Remove a column

ALTER TABLE t RENAME TO new_name;Rename a table

CREATE INDEX idx ON t (col);Create an index

DROP INDEX idx;Remove an index

Subqueries & CTEs

SELECT * FROM t WHERE id IN (SELECT id FROM other);Subquery in WHERE

SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM t LIMIT 5) sub;Subquery in FROM (derived table)

WITH cte AS (SELECT * FROM t) SELECT * FROM cte;Common Table Expression (CTE)

SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY col ORDER BY date) FROM t;Window function

Useful Functions

COALESCE(col, default_val)Return first non-NULL value

NULLIF(a, b)Return NULL if a = b, else a

CASE WHEN cond THEN val ELSE other ENDConditional expression

CAST(col AS VARCHAR)Type casting

CONCAT(str1, str2)Concatenate strings

UPPER(col) / LOWER(col)Change case

TRIM(col)Remove leading/trailing whitespace

LENGTH(col)String length

SUBSTRING(col, 1, 5)Extract substring

NOW() / CURRENT_TIMESTAMPCurrent date and time

DATE_TRUNC('month', col)Truncate date to month (PostgreSQL)

Tentang alat ini

Referensi cepat SQL yang mencakup SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, JOIN, agregasi, dan fungsi umum.

Gunakan kotak pencarian untuk memfilter perintah secara instan berdasarkan kata kunci.

Cara penggunaan

Telusuri bagian atau ketik kata kunci di kotak pencarian.
Daftar difilter secara instan saat Anda mengetik.
Gunakan cuplikan SQL langsung di editor kueri atau terminal Anda.
Hapus pencarian untuk melihat semua bagian lagi.

Kasus penggunaan

Berguna bagi pengembang yang menulis kueri ad-hoc, pelajar yang belajar SQL, dan insinyur yang melakukan tinjauan kode atau migrasi database.

Pertanyaan umum

Apakah mencakup PostgreSQL, MySQL, dan SQLite? — Sebagian besar sintaks adalah ANSI SQL dan berfungsi di seluruh database utama. Fungsi khusus dialek dicatat.
Bisakah saya mencari perintah tertentu? — Ya — ketik kata kunci apa pun di kotak pencarian dan daftar akan difilter secara instan.
Apakah daftarnya lengkap? — Tidak. Hanya mencakup SQL sehari-hari yang paling umum. Lihat dokumentasi resmi untuk fitur lanjutan.